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root / drupal7 / sites / all / modules / captcha / captcha.module @ a8cee257

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<?php
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/**
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 * @file
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 * This module enables basic CAPTCHA functionality:
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 * administrators can add a CAPTCHA to desired forms that users without
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 * the 'skip CAPTCHA' permission (typically anonymous visitors) have
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 * to solve.
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 */
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/**
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 * Constants for CAPTCHA persistence.
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 * TODO: change these integers to strings because the CAPTCHA settings form saves them as strings in the variables table anyway?
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 */
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// Always add a CAPTCHA (even on every page of a multipage workflow).
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define('CAPTCHA_PERSISTENCE_SHOW_ALWAYS', 0);
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// Only one CAPTCHA has to be solved per form instance/multi-step workflow.
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define('CAPTCHA_PERSISTENCE_SKIP_ONCE_SUCCESSFUL_PER_FORM_INSTANCE', 1);
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// Once the user answered correctly for a CAPTCHA on a certain form type,
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// no more CAPTCHAs will be offered anymore for that form.
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define('CAPTCHA_PERSISTENCE_SKIP_ONCE_SUCCESSFUL_PER_FORM_TYPE', 2);
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// Once the user answered correctly for a CAPTCHA on the site,
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// no more CAPTCHAs will be offered anymore.
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define('CAPTCHA_PERSISTENCE_SKIP_ONCE_SUCCESSFUL', 3);
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define('CAPTCHA_STATUS_UNSOLVED', 0);
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define('CAPTCHA_STATUS_SOLVED', 1);
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define('CAPTCHA_STATUS_EXAMPLE', 2);
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define('CAPTCHA_DEFAULT_VALIDATION_CASE_SENSITIVE', 0);
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define('CAPTCHA_DEFAULT_VALIDATION_CASE_INSENSITIVE', 1);
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/**
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 * Implementation of hook_help().
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 */
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function captcha_help($path, $arg) {
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  switch ($path) {
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    case 'admin/help#captcha':
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      $output = '<p>' . t('"CAPTCHA" is an acronym for "Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart". It is typically a challenge-response test to determine whether the user is human. The CAPTCHA module is a tool to fight automated submission by malicious users (spamming) of for example comments forms, user registration forms, guestbook forms, etc. You can extend the desired forms with an additional challenge, which should be easy for a human to solve correctly, but hard enough to keep automated scripts and spam bots out.') . '</p>';
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      $output .= '<p>' . t('Note that the CAPTCHA module interacts with page caching (see <a href="!performancesettings">performance settings</a>). Because the challenge should be unique for each generated form, the caching of the page it appears on is prevented. Make sure that these forms do not appear on too many pages or you will lose much caching efficiency. For example, if you put a CAPTCHA on the user login block, which typically appears on each page for anonymous visitors, caching will practically be disabled. The comment submission forms are another example. In this case you should set the <em>Location of comment submission form</em> to <em>Display on separate page</em> in the comment settings of the relevant <a href="!contenttypes">content types</a> for better caching efficiency.',
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        array(
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          '!performancesettings' => url('admin/config/development/performance'),
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          '!contenttypes' => url('admin/structure/types'),
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        )
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      ) . '</p>';
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      $output .= '<p>' . t('CAPTCHA is a trademark of Carnegie Mellon University.') . '</p>';
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      return $output;
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    case 'admin/config/people/captcha':
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    case 'admin/config/people/captcha/captcha':
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    case 'admin/config/people/captcha/captcha/settings':
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      $output = '<p>' . t('A CAPTCHA can be added to virtually each Drupal form. Some default forms are already provided in the form list, but arbitrary forms can be easily added and managed when the option <em>Add CAPTCHA administration links to forms</em> is enabled.') . '</p>';
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      $output .= '<p>' . t('Users with the <em>Skip CAPTCHA</em> <a href="@perm">permission</a> won\'t be offered a challenge. Be sure to grant this permission to the trusted users (e.g. site administrators). If you want to test a protected form, be sure to do it as a user without the <em>Skip CAPTCHA</em> permission (e.g. as anonymous user).', array('@perm' => url('admin/people/permissions'))) . '</p>';
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      return $output;
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  }
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}
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/**
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 * Implements of hook_menu().
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 */
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function captcha_menu() {
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  $items = array();
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  // Main configuration page of the basic CAPTCHA module.
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  $items['admin/config/people/captcha'] = array(
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    'title' => 'CAPTCHA',
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    'description' => 'Administer how and where CAPTCHAs are used.',
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    'file' => 'captcha.admin.inc',
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    'page callback' => 'drupal_get_form',
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    'page arguments' => array('captcha_admin_settings'),
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    'access arguments' => array('administer CAPTCHA settings'),
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    'type' => MENU_NORMAL_ITEM,
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  );
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  // The default local task (needed when other modules want to offer,
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  // alternative CAPTCHA types and their own configuration page as local task).
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  $items['admin/config/people/captcha/captcha'] = array(
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    'title' => 'CAPTCHA',
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    'access arguments' => array('administer CAPTCHA settings'),
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    'type' => MENU_DEFAULT_LOCAL_TASK,
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    'weight' => -20,
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  );
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  $items['admin/config/people/captcha/captcha/settings'] = array(
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    'title' => 'General settings',
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    'access arguments' => array('administer CAPTCHA settings'),
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    'type' => MENU_DEFAULT_LOCAL_TASK,
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    'weight' => 0,
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  );
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  $items['admin/config/people/captcha/captcha/examples'] = array(
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    'title' => 'Examples',
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    'description' => 'An overview of the available challenge types with examples.',
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    'file' => 'captcha.admin.inc',
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    'page callback' => 'drupal_get_form',
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    'page arguments' => array('captcha_examples', 6, 7),
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    'access arguments' => array('administer CAPTCHA settings'),
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    'type' => MENU_LOCAL_TASK,
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    'weight' => 5,
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  );
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  $items['admin/config/people/captcha/captcha/captcha_point'] = array(
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    'title' => 'CAPTCHA point administration',
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    'file' => 'captcha.admin.inc',
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    'page callback' => 'captcha_point_admin',
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    'page arguments' => array(6, 7),
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    'access arguments' => array('administer CAPTCHA settings'),
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    'type' => MENU_CALLBACK,
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  );
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  return $items;
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}
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/**
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 * Implements of hook_permission().
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 */
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function captcha_permission() {
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  return array(
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    'administer CAPTCHA settings' => array(
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      'title' => t('Administer CAPTCHA settings'),
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    ),
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    'skip CAPTCHA' => array(
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      'title' => t('Skip CAPTCHA'),
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      'description' => t('Users with this permission will not be offered a CAPTCHA.'),
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    ),
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  );
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}
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/**
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 * Implements of hook_theme().
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 */
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function captcha_theme() {
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  return array(
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    'captcha_admin_settings_captcha_points' => array(
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      'render element' => 'form',
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    ),
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    'captcha' => array(
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      'render element' => 'element',
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    ),
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  );
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}
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/**
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 * Implements of hook_cron().
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 *
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 * Remove old entries from captcha_sessions table.
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 */
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function captcha_cron() {
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  // Remove challenges older than 1 day.
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  db_delete('captcha_sessions')
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    ->condition('timestamp', REQUEST_TIME - 60 * 60 * 24, '<')
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    ->execute();
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}
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/**
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 * Implements of hook_element_info().
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 */
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function captcha_element_info() {
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  // Define the CAPTCHA form element with default properties.
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  $captcha_element = array(
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    '#input' => TRUE,
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    '#process' => array('captcha_element_process'),
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    // The type of challenge: e.g. 'default', 'none', 'captcha/Math', 'image_captcha/Image'.
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    '#captcha_type' => 'default',
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    // Forces captcha validation for all cases if TRUE.
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    '#captcha_always' => FALSE,
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    '#default_value' => '',
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    // CAPTCHA in admin mode: presolve the CAPTCHA and always show it (despite previous successful responses).
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    '#captcha_admin_mode' => FALSE,
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    // The default CAPTCHA validation function.
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    // TODO: should this be a single string or an array of strings (combined in OR fashion)?
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    '#captcha_validate' => 'captcha_validate_strict_equality',
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  );
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  // Override the default CAPTCHA validation function for case insensitive validation.
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  // TODO: shouldn't this be done somewhere else, e.g. in form_alter?
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  if (CAPTCHA_DEFAULT_VALIDATION_CASE_INSENSITIVE == variable_get('captcha_default_validation', CAPTCHA_DEFAULT_VALIDATION_CASE_INSENSITIVE)) {
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    $captcha_element['#captcha_validate'] = 'captcha_validate_case_insensitive_equality';
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  }
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  return array('captcha' => $captcha_element);
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}
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/**
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 * Process callback for CAPTCHA form element.
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 */
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function captcha_element_process($element, &$form_state, $complete_form) {
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  module_load_include('inc', 'captcha');
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  // Add JavaScript for general CAPTCHA functionality.
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  drupal_add_js(drupal_get_path('module', 'captcha') . '/captcha.js');
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  // Get the form ID of the form we are currently processing (which is not
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  // necessary the same form that is submitted (if any).
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  $this_form_id = $complete_form['form_id']['#value'];
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  // Get the CAPTCHA session ID.
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  // If there is a submitted form: try to retrieve and reuse the
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  // CAPTCHA session ID from the posted data.
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  list($posted_form_id, $posted_captcha_sid) = _captcha_get_posted_captcha_info($element, $form_state, $this_form_id);
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  if ($this_form_id == $posted_form_id && isset($posted_captcha_sid)) {
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    $captcha_sid = $posted_captcha_sid;
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  }
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  else {
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    // Generate a new CAPTCHA session if we could not reuse one from a posted form.
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    $captcha_sid = _captcha_generate_captcha_session($this_form_id, CAPTCHA_STATUS_UNSOLVED);
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  }
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  // Store CAPTCHA session ID as hidden field.
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  // Strictly speaking, it is not necessary to send the CAPTCHA session id
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  // with the form, as the one time CAPTCHA token (see lower) is enough.
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  // However, we still send it along, because it can help debugging
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  // problems on live sites with only access to the markup.
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  $element['captcha_sid'] = array(
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    '#type' => 'hidden',
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    '#value' => $captcha_sid,
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  );
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  $captcha_token = db_select('captcha_sessions', 'c')
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    ->fields('c', array('token'))
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    ->condition('csid', $captcha_sid)
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    ->execute()
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    ->fetchField();
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  if (!isset($captcha_token) && !$form_state['submitted']) {
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    // Additional one-time CAPTCHA token: store in database and send with form.
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    $captcha_token = md5(mt_rand());
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    db_update('captcha_sessions')
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      ->fields(array('token' => $captcha_token))
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      ->condition('csid', $captcha_sid)
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      ->execute();
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  }
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  $element['captcha_token'] = array(
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    '#type' => 'hidden',
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    '#value' => $captcha_token,
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  );
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  // Get implementing module and challenge for CAPTCHA.
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  list($captcha_type_module, $captcha_type_challenge) = _captcha_parse_captcha_type($element['#captcha_type']);
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  // Store CAPTCHA information for further processing in
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  // - $form_state['captcha_info'], which survives a form rebuild (e.g. node
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  //   preview), useful in _captcha_get_posted_captcha_info().
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  // - $element['#captcha_info'], for post processing functions that do not
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  //   receive a $form_state argument (e.g. the pre_render callback).
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  $form_state['captcha_info'] = array(
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    'this_form_id' => $this_form_id,
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    'posted_form_id' => $posted_form_id,
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    'captcha_sid' => $captcha_sid,
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    'module' => $captcha_type_module,
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    'captcha_type' => $captcha_type_challenge,
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  );
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  $element['#captcha_info'] = array(
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    'form_id' => $this_form_id,
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    'captcha_sid' => $captcha_sid,
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  );
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  if (_captcha_required_for_user($captcha_sid, $this_form_id) || $element['#captcha_admin_mode'] || $element['#captcha_always']) {
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    // Generate a CAPTCHA and its solution
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    // (note that the CAPTCHA session ID is given as third argument).
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    $captcha = module_invoke($captcha_type_module, 'captcha', 'generate', $captcha_type_challenge, $captcha_sid);
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    if (!isset($captcha['form']) || !isset($captcha['solution'])) {
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      // The selected module did not return what we expected: log about it and quit.
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      watchdog('CAPTCHA',
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        'CAPTCHA problem: unexpected result from hook_captcha() of module %module when trying to retrieve challenge type %type for form %form_id.',
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        array(
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          '%type' => $captcha_type_challenge,
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          '%module' => $captcha_type_module,
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          '%form_id' => $this_form_id,
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        ),
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        WATCHDOG_ERROR);
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      return $element;
267
    }
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    // Add form elements from challenge as children to CAPTCHA form element.
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    $element['captcha_widgets'] = $captcha['form'];
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    // Add a validation callback for the CAPTCHA form element (when not in admin mode).
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    if (!$element['#captcha_admin_mode']) {
273
      $element['#element_validate'] = array('captcha_validate');
274
    }
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    // Set a custom CAPTCHA validate function if requested.
277
    if (isset($captcha['captcha_validate'])) {
278
      $element['#captcha_validate'] = $captcha['captcha_validate'];
279
    }
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    // Set the theme function.
282
    $element['#theme'] = 'captcha';
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    // Add pre_render callback for additional CAPTCHA processing.
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    if (!isset($element['#pre_render'])) {
286
      $element['#pre_render'] = array();
287
    }
288
    $element['#pre_render'][] = 'captcha_pre_render_process';
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    // Store the solution in the #captcha_info array.
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    $element['#captcha_info']['solution'] = $captcha['solution'];
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    // Store if this captcha type is cacheable:
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    // A cacheable captcha must not depend on the sid or solution, but be
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    // independent - like for example recaptcha.
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    $element['#captcha_info']['cacheable'] = !empty($captcha['cacheable']);
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    if (!empty($element['#captcha_info']['cacheable']) && drupal_page_is_cacheable()) {
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      // This is only used to avoid the re-use message.
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      $element['captcha_cacheable'] = array(
301
        '#type' => 'hidden',
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        '#value' => TRUE,
303
      );
304
    }
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    // Make sure we can use a top level form value $form_state['values']['captcha_response'], even if the form has #tree=true.
307
    $element['#tree'] = FALSE;
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  }
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  return $element;
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}
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/**
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 * Implementation of hook_captcha_default_points_alter().
316
 *
317
 * Provide some default captchas only if defaults are not already
318
 * provided by other modules.
319
 */
320
function captcha_captcha_default_points_alter(&$items) {
321
  $modules = array(
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    'comment' => array(
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    ),
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    'contact' => array(
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      'contact_site_form',
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      'contact_personal_form'
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    ),
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    'forum' => array(
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      'forum_node_form',
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    ),
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    'user' => array(
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      'user_register_form',
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      'user_pass',
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      'user_login',
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      'user_login_block',
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    ),
337
  );
338
  // Add comment form_ids of all currently known node types.
339
  foreach (node_type_get_names() as $type => $name) {
340
    $modules['comment'][] = 'comment_node_' . $type . '_form';
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  }
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  foreach ($modules as $module => $form_ids) {
344
    // Only give defaults if the module exists.
345
    if (module_exists($module)) {
346
      foreach ($form_ids as $form_id) {
347
        // Ensure a default has not been provided already.
348
        if (!isset($items[$form_id])) {
349
          $captcha = new stdClass;
350
          $captcha->disabled = FALSE;
351
          $captcha->api_version = 1;
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          $captcha->form_id = $form_id;
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          $captcha->module = '';
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          $captcha->captcha_type = 'default';
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          $items[$form_id] = $captcha;
356
        }
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      }
358
    }
359
  }
360
}
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/**
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 * Theme function for a CAPTCHA element.
364
 *
365
 * Render it in a fieldset if a description of the CAPTCHA
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 * is available. Render it as is otherwise.
367
 */
368
function theme_captcha($variables) {
369
  $element = $variables['element'];
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371
  if (empty($element['#description']) && !empty($element['#attributes']['title'])) {
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    // Fix for Bootstrap-based themes.
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    $element['#description'] = $element['#attributes']['title'];
374
  }
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  if (!empty($element['#description']) && isset($element['captcha_widgets'])) {
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    $fieldset = array(
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      '#type' => 'fieldset',
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      '#title' => t('CAPTCHA'),
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      '#description' => $element['#description'],
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      '#children' => drupal_render_children($element),
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      '#attributes' => array('class' => array('captcha')),
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    );
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    return theme('fieldset', array('element' => $fieldset));
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  }
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  else {
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    return '<div class="captcha">' . drupal_render_children($element) . '</div>';
388
  }
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}
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391
/**
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 * Implements of hook_form_alter().
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 *
394
 * This function adds a CAPTCHA to forms for untrusted users if needed and adds
395
 * CAPTCHA administration links for site administrators if this option is enabled.
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 */
397
function captcha_form_alter(&$form, &$form_state, $form_id) {
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  // If user has skip CAPTCHA permission, doesn't do anything.
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  if (!user_access('skip CAPTCHA')) {
401
    // Visitor does not have permission to skip CAPTCHAs.
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    module_load_include('inc', 'captcha');
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    // Get CAPTCHA type and module for given form_id.
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    $captcha_point = captcha_get_form_id_setting($form_id);
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    if ($captcha_point && !empty($captcha_point->captcha_type)) {
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      module_load_include('inc', 'captcha');
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      // Build CAPTCHA form element.
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      $captcha_element = array(
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        '#type' => 'captcha',
411
        '#captcha_type' => $captcha_point->module . '/' . $captcha_point->captcha_type,
412
      );
413
      // Add a CAPTCHA description if required.
414
      if (variable_get('captcha_add_captcha_description', TRUE)) {
415
        $captcha_element['#description'] = _captcha_get_description();
416
      }
417
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      // Get placement in form and insert in form.
419
      $captcha_placement = _captcha_get_captcha_placement($form_id, $form);
420
      _captcha_insert_captcha_element($form, $captcha_placement, $captcha_element);
421
    }
422
  }
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  // If user has access to administer CAPTCHA settings and
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  // 'Add CAPTCHA administration links to forms' is enabled, display the
426
  // helper widget.
427
  if (
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    variable_get('captcha_administration_mode', FALSE)
429
    && user_access('administer CAPTCHA settings')
430
    && (arg(0) != 'admin' || variable_get('captcha_allow_on_admin_pages', FALSE))
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  ) {
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    // Add CAPTCHA administration tools.
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    module_load_include('inc', 'captcha');
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    $captcha_point = captcha_get_form_id_setting($form_id);
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    // For administrators: show CAPTCHA info and offer link to configure it.
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    $captcha_element = array(
438
      '#type' => 'fieldset',
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      '#title' => t('CAPTCHA'),
440
      '#collapsible' => TRUE,
441
      '#collapsed' => TRUE,
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      '#attributes' => array('class' => array('captcha-admin-links')),
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    );
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    if ($captcha_point !== NULL && $captcha_point->captcha_type) {
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      $captcha_element['#title'] = t('CAPTCHA: challenge "@type" enabled', array('@type' => $captcha_point->captcha_type));
447
      $captcha_element['#description'] = t('Untrusted users will see a CAPTCHA here (<a href="@settings">general CAPTCHA settings</a>).',
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        array('@settings' => url('admin/config/people/captcha'))
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      );
450
      $captcha_element['challenge'] = array(
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        '#type' => 'item',
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        '#title' => t('Enabled challenge'),
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        '#markup' => t('%type by module %module (<a href="@change">change</a>, <a href="@disable">disable</a>)', array(
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          '%type' => $captcha_point->captcha_type,
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          '%module' => $captcha_point->module,
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          '@change' => url("admin/config/people/captcha/captcha/captcha_point/$form_id", array('query' => drupal_get_destination())),
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          '@disable' => url("admin/config/people/captcha/captcha/captcha_point/$form_id/disable", array('query' => drupal_get_destination())),
458
        )),
459
      );
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      // Add an example challenge with solution.
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      // This does not work with the reCAPTCHA and Egglue challenges as
463
      // discussed in http://drupal.org/node/487032 and
464
      // http://drupal.org/node/525586. As a temporary workaround, we
465
      // blacklist the reCAPTCHA and Egglue challenges and do not show
466
      // an example challenge.
467
      // TODO: Once the issues mentioned above are fixed, this workaround
468
      // should be removed.
469
      if ($captcha_point->module != 'recaptcha' && $captcha_point->module != 'egglue_captcha') {
470
        $captcha_element['example'] = array(
471
          '#type' => 'fieldset',
472
          '#title' => t('Example'),
473
          '#description' => t('This is a pre-solved, non-blocking example of this challenge.'),
474
        );
475
        $captcha_element['example']['example_captcha'] = array(
476
          '#type' => 'captcha',
477
          '#captcha_type' => $captcha_point->module . '/' . $captcha_point->captcha_type,
478
          '#captcha_admin_mode' => TRUE,
479
        );
480
      }
481
    }
482
    else {
483
      $captcha_element['#title'] = t('CAPTCHA: no challenge enabled');
484
      $captcha_element['add_captcha'] = array(
485
        '#markup' => l(t('Place a CAPTCHA here for untrusted users.'), "admin/config/people/captcha/captcha/captcha_point/$form_id", array('query' => drupal_get_destination()))
486
      );
487
    }
488 a8cee257 Assos Assos
489 85ad3d82 Assos Assos
    // Get placement in form and insert in form.
490
    $captcha_placement = _captcha_get_captcha_placement($form_id, $form);
491
    _captcha_insert_captcha_element($form, $captcha_placement, $captcha_element);
492
  }
493
494
  // Add a warning about caching on the Perfomance settings page.
495
  if ($form_id == 'system_performance_settings') {
496 ac1bc5de Assos Assos
    $icon = theme(
497
      'image',
498
      array(
499
        'path' => 'misc/watchdog-warning.png',
500
        'width' => 18,
501
        'height' => 18,
502
        'alt' => t('warning'),
503
        'title' => t('warning'),
504
      )
505
    );
506 85ad3d82 Assos Assos
    $form['caching']['captcha'] = array(
507
      '#type' => 'item',
508
      '#title' => t('CAPTCHA'),
509 00c2605a Assos Assos
      '#markup' => t(
510
        '!icon The CAPTCHA module will disable the caching of pages that contain a CAPTCHA element.',
511
        array(
512
          '!icon' => '<span class="icon">' . $icon . '</span>'
513
        )
514 85ad3d82 Assos Assos
      ),
515
      '#attributes' => array('class' => array('warning')),
516
    );
517
  }
518
519
}
520
521
/**
522
 * CAPTCHA validation function to tests strict equality.
523 ac1bc5de Assos Assos
 *
524
 * @param string $solution
525
 *   the solution of the test.
526
 *
527
 * @param string $response
528
 *   the response to the test.
529
 *
530
 * @return bool
531
 *   TRUE when equal (ignoring spaces), FALSE otherwise.
532 85ad3d82 Assos Assos
 */
533
function captcha_validate_strict_equality($solution, $response) {
534
  return $solution === $response;
535
}
536
537
/**
538
 * CAPTCHA validation function to tests case insensitive equality.
539 ac1bc5de Assos Assos
 *
540
 * @param string $solution
541
 *   the solution of the test.
542
 *
543
 * @param string $response
544
 *   the response to the test.
545
 *
546
 * @return bool
547
 *   TRUE when equal (ignoring spaces), FALSE otherwise.
548 85ad3d82 Assos Assos
 */
549
function captcha_validate_case_insensitive_equality($solution, $response) {
550
  return drupal_strtolower($solution) === drupal_strtolower($response);
551
}
552
553
/**
554
 * CAPTCHA validation function to tests equality while ignoring spaces.
555 ac1bc5de Assos Assos
 *
556
 * @param string $solution
557
 *   the solution of the test.
558
 *
559
 * @param string $response
560
 *   the response to the test.
561
 *
562
 * @return bool
563
 *   TRUE when equal (ignoring spaces), FALSE otherwise.
564 85ad3d82 Assos Assos
 */
565
function captcha_validate_ignore_spaces($solution, $response) {
566
  return preg_replace('/\s/', '', $solution) === preg_replace('/\s/', '', $response);
567
}
568
569
/**
570
 * CAPTCHA validation function to tests case insensitive equality while ignoring spaces.
571 ac1bc5de Assos Assos
 *
572
 * @param string $solution
573
 *   the solution of the test.
574
 *
575
 * @param string $response
576
 *   the response to the test.
577
 *
578
 * @return bool
579
 *   TRUE when equal (ignoring spaces), FALSE otherwise.
580 85ad3d82 Assos Assos
 */
581
function captcha_validate_case_insensitive_ignore_spaces($solution, $response) {
582
  return preg_replace('/\s/', '', drupal_strtolower($solution)) === preg_replace('/\s/', '', drupal_strtolower($response));
583
}
584
585
/**
586 00c2605a Assos Assos
 * Helper function for getting the posted CAPTCHA info (posted form_id and
587
 * CAPTCHA sessions ID) from a form in case it is posted.
588 85ad3d82 Assos Assos
 *
589
 * This function hides the form processing mess for several use cases an
590
 * browser bug workarounds.
591
 * For example: $element['#post'] can typically be used to get the posted
592
 * form_id and captcha_sid, but in the case of node preview situations
593
 * (with correct CAPTCHA response) that does not work and we can get them from
594
 * $form_state['clicked_button']['#post'].
595
 * However with Internet Explorer 7, the latter does not work either when
596
 * submitting the forms (with only one text field) with the enter key
597
 * (see http://drupal.org/node/534168), in which case we also have to check
598
 * $form_state['buttons']['button']['0']['#post'].
599
 *
600
 * @todo for Drupal 7 version: is this IE7 workaround still needed?
601
 *
602 ac1bc5de Assos Assos
 * @param array $element
603
 *   the CAPTCHA element.
604
 *
605
 * @param array $form_state
606
 *   the form state structure to extract the info from.
607
 *
608
 * @param string $this_form_id
609
 *   the form ID of the form we are currently processing
610 85ad3d82 Assos Assos
 *     (which is not necessarily the form that was posted).
611
 *
612 ac1bc5de Assos Assos
 * @return array
613
 *   an array with $posted_form_id and $post_captcha_sid (with NULL values
614 85ad3d82 Assos Assos
 *     if the values could not be found, e.g. for a fresh form).
615
 */
616
function _captcha_get_posted_captcha_info($element, $form_state, $this_form_id) {
617 7547bb19 Assos Assos
  //Handle Ajax scenarios
618
  if (!empty($form_state['rebuild_info'])) {
619
    if (!empty($form_state['captcha_info']['posted_form_id'])) {
620
      $posted_form_id = $form_state['captcha_info']['posted_form_id'];
621
    }
622
    else {
623
      $posted_form_id = $form_state['input']['form_id'];
624
    }
625
626
    $posted_captcha_sid = $form_state['captcha_info']['captcha_sid'];
627
  }
628
  else if ($form_state['submitted'] && isset($form_state['captcha_info'])) {
629 85ad3d82 Assos Assos
    // We are handling (or rebuilding) an already submitted form,
630
    // so we already determined the posted form ID and CAPTCHA session ID
631
    // for this form (from before submitting). Reuse this info.
632
    $posted_form_id = $form_state['captcha_info']['posted_form_id'];
633
    $posted_captcha_sid = $form_state['captcha_info']['captcha_sid'];
634
  }
635
  else {
636
    // We have to determine the posted form ID and CAPTCHA session ID
637
    // from the post data.
638
    // Because we possibly use raw post data here,
639
    // we should be extra cautious and filter this data.
640 ac1bc5de Assos Assos
    $posted_form_id = isset($form_state['input']['form_id']) ? preg_replace("/[^a-z0-9_]/", "", (string) $form_state['input']['form_id']) : NULL;
641
    $posted_captcha_sid = isset($form_state['input']['captcha_sid']) ? (int) $form_state['input']['captcha_sid'] : NULL;
642 00c2605a Assos Assos
    $posted_captcha_token = !empty($form_state['input']['captcha_token']) ? preg_replace("/[^a-zA-Z0-9]/", "", (string) $form_state['input']['captcha_token']) : NULL;
643 85ad3d82 Assos Assos
644
    if ($posted_form_id == $this_form_id) {
645
      // Check if the posted CAPTCHA token is valid for the posted CAPTCHA
646
      // session ID. Note that we could just check the validity of the CAPTCHA
647
      // token and extract the CAPTCHA session ID from that (without looking at
648
      // the actual posted CAPTCHA session ID). However, here we check both
649
      // the posted CAPTCHA token and session ID: it is a bit more stringent
650
      // and the database query should also be more efficient (because there is
651
      // an index on the CAPTCHA session ID).
652
      if ($posted_captcha_sid != NULL) {
653
        $expected_captcha_token = db_query(
654
          "SELECT token FROM {captcha_sessions} WHERE csid = :csid",
655
          array(':csid' => $posted_captcha_sid)
656
        )->fetchField();
657 00c2605a Assos Assos
658 85ad3d82 Assos Assos
        if ($expected_captcha_token !== $posted_captcha_token) {
659 a8cee257 Assos Assos
          if (empty($form_state['input']['captcha_cacheable'])) {
660
            drupal_set_message(t('CAPTCHA session reuse attack detected.'), 'error');
661
          }
662 85ad3d82 Assos Assos
          // Invalidate the CAPTCHA session.
663
          $posted_captcha_sid = NULL;
664
        }
665 00c2605a Assos Assos
666 85ad3d82 Assos Assos
        // Invalidate CAPTCHA token to avoid reuse.
667
        db_update('captcha_sessions')
668
          ->fields(array('token' => NULL))
669 00c2605a Assos Assos
          ->condition('csid', $posted_captcha_sid)
670
          ->execute();
671 85ad3d82 Assos Assos
      }
672
    }
673
    else {
674
      // The CAPTCHA session ID is specific to the posted form.
675
      // Return NULL, so a new session will be generated for this other form.
676
      $posted_captcha_sid = NULL;
677
    }
678
  }
679
  return array($posted_form_id, $posted_captcha_sid);
680
}
681
682
/**
683
 * CAPTCHA validation handler.
684
 *
685
 * This function is placed in the main captcha.module file to make sure that
686
 * it is available (even for cached forms, which don't fire
687
 * captcha_form_alter(), and subsequently don't include additional include
688
 * files).
689
 */
690
function captcha_validate($element, &$form_state) {
691 00c2605a Assos Assos
  // If disable captcha mode is enabled, bypass captcha validation.
692
  if (variable_get('disable_captcha', FALSE)) {
693
    return;
694
  }
695 85ad3d82 Assos Assos
696
  $captcha_info = $form_state['captcha_info'];
697
  $form_id = $captcha_info['this_form_id'];
698
699
  // Get CAPTCHA response.
700
  $captcha_response = $form_state['values']['captcha_response'];
701
702
  // Get CAPTCHA session from CAPTCHA info
703
  // TODO: is this correct in all cases: see comment and code in previous revisions?
704
  $csid = $captcha_info['captcha_sid'];
705
706
  $solution = db_query(
707
    'SELECT solution FROM {captcha_sessions} WHERE csid = :csid',
708
    array(':csid' => $csid)
709
    )
710
    ->fetchField();
711
712
  // @todo: what is the result when there is no entry for the captcha_session? in D6 it was FALSE, what in D7?
713
  if ($solution === FALSE) {
714
    // Unknown challenge_id.
715
    // TODO: this probably never happens anymore now that there is detection
716
    // for CAPTCHA session reuse attacks in _captcha_get_posted_captcha_info().
717
    form_set_error('captcha', t('CAPTCHA validation error: unknown CAPTCHA session ID. Contact the site administrator if this problem persists.'));
718
    watchdog('CAPTCHA',
719
      'CAPTCHA validation error: unknown CAPTCHA session ID (%csid).',
720
      array('%csid' => var_export($csid, TRUE)),
721
      WATCHDOG_ERROR);
722
  }
723
  else {
724
    // Get CAPTCHA validate function or fall back on strict equality.
725
    $captcha_validate = $element['#captcha_validate'];
726
    if (!function_exists($captcha_validate)) {
727 ac1bc5de Assos Assos
      $captcha_validate = 'captcha_validate_strict_equality';
728 85ad3d82 Assos Assos
    }
729
    // Check the response with the CAPTCHA validation function.
730
    // Apart from the traditional expected $solution and received $response,
731
    // we also provide the CAPTCHA $element and $form_state arrays for more advanced use cases.
732
    if ($captcha_validate($solution, $captcha_response, $element, $form_state)) {
733
      // Correct answer.
734
735
      // Store form_id in session (but only if it is useful to do so, avoid setting stuff in session unnecessarily).
736
      $captcha_persistence = variable_get('captcha_persistence', CAPTCHA_PERSISTENCE_SKIP_ONCE_SUCCESSFUL_PER_FORM_INSTANCE);
737
      if ($captcha_persistence == CAPTCHA_PERSISTENCE_SKIP_ONCE_SUCCESSFUL || $captcha_persistence == CAPTCHA_PERSISTENCE_SKIP_ONCE_SUCCESSFUL_PER_FORM_TYPE) {
738
        $_SESSION['captcha_success_form_ids'][$form_id] = $form_id;
739
      }
740
741
      // Record success.
742
      db_update('captcha_sessions')
743
        ->condition('csid', $csid)
744
        ->fields(array('status' => CAPTCHA_STATUS_SOLVED))
745
        ->expression('attempts', 'attempts + 1')
746
        ->execute();
747
    }
748
    else {
749
      // Wrong answer.
750
      db_update('captcha_sessions')
751
        ->condition('csid', $csid)
752
        ->expression('attempts', 'attempts + 1')
753
        ->execute();
754 ac1bc5de Assos Assos
      // Set form error.
755 a8cee257 Assos Assos
      form_set_error('captcha_response', _captcha_get_error_message());
756 ac1bc5de Assos Assos
      // Update wrong response counter.
757 85ad3d82 Assos Assos
      if (variable_get('captcha_enable_stats', FALSE)) {
758
        variable_set('captcha_wrong_response_counter', variable_get('captcha_wrong_response_counter', 0) + 1);
759
      }
760 ac1bc5de Assos Assos
      // Log to watchdog if needed.
761 85ad3d82 Assos Assos
      if (variable_get('captcha_log_wrong_responses', FALSE)) {
762
        watchdog('CAPTCHA',
763
          '%form_id post blocked by CAPTCHA module: challenge %challenge (by module %module), user answered "@response", but the solution was "@solution".',
764 ac1bc5de Assos Assos
          array(
765
            '%form_id' => $form_id,
766 85ad3d82 Assos Assos
            '@response' => $captcha_response, '@solution' => $solution,
767
            '%challenge' => $captcha_info['captcha_type'], '%module' => $captcha_info['module'],
768
          ),
769
          WATCHDOG_NOTICE);
770
      }
771
    }
772
  }
773
}
774
775
/**
776
 * Pre-render callback for additional processing of a CAPTCHA form element.
777
 *
778
 * This encompasses tasks that should happen after the general FAPI processing
779
 * (building, submission and validation) but before rendering (e.g. storing the solution).
780
 *
781 ac1bc5de Assos Assos
 * @param array $element
782
 *   the CAPTCHA form element
783
 *
784
 * @return array
785
 *   the manipulated element
786 85ad3d82 Assos Assos
 */
787
function captcha_pre_render_process($element) {
788
  module_load_include('inc', 'captcha');
789
790
  // Get form and CAPTCHA information.
791
  $captcha_info = $element['#captcha_info'];
792
  $form_id = $captcha_info['form_id'];
793 ac1bc5de Assos Assos
  $captcha_sid = (int) ($captcha_info['captcha_sid']);
794 85ad3d82 Assos Assos
  // Check if CAPTCHA is still required.
795
  // This check is done in a first phase during the element processing
796
  // (@see captcha_process), but it is also done here for better support
797
  // of multi-page forms. Take previewing a node submission for example:
798
  // when the challenge is solved correctely on preview, the form is still
799
  // not completely submitted, but the CAPTCHA can be skipped.
800 7547bb19 Assos Assos
  if (_captcha_required_for_user($captcha_sid, $form_id) || $element['#captcha_admin_mode'] || $element['#captcha_always']) {
801 a8cee257 Assos Assos
    // Prevent caching of the page with CAPTCHA elements.
802
    // This needs to be done only if the captcha is actually displayed.
803
    // The captcha display will be skipped only in 2 cases:
804
    //   - The captcha sid has a solution already.
805
    //   - The user has a SESSION.
806
    // For a page to be cacheable, the user MUST not have a SESSION.
807
    // For a SID to be solved already, it must be a POST request as else
808
    // a new unsolved SID is generated.
809
    // Therefore it is fine to disable the cache at this late stage here.
810
    if (empty($captcha_info['cacheable'])) {
811
      // The cache is only disabled if the captcha itself is not cacheable.
812
      drupal_page_is_cacheable(FALSE);
813
    }
814
815 85ad3d82 Assos Assos
    // Update captcha_sessions table: store the solution of the generated CAPTCHA.
816
    _captcha_update_captcha_session($captcha_sid, $captcha_info['solution']);
817
818
    // Handle the response field if it is available and if it is a textfield.
819
    if (isset($element['captcha_widgets']['captcha_response']['#type']) && $element['captcha_widgets']['captcha_response']['#type'] == 'textfield') {
820
      // Before rendering: presolve an admin mode challenge or
821
      // empty the value of the captcha_response form item.
822
      $value = $element['#captcha_admin_mode'] ? $captcha_info['solution'] : '';
823
      $element['captcha_widgets']['captcha_response']['#value'] = $value;
824
    }
825
  }
826
  else {
827
    // Remove CAPTCHA widgets from form.
828
    unset($element['captcha_widgets']);
829
  }
830
831
  return $element;
832
}
833
834
/**
835
 * Default implementation of hook_captcha().
836
 */
837
function captcha_captcha($op, $captcha_type = '') {
838
  switch ($op) {
839
    case 'list':
840
      return array('Math');
841
842
    case 'generate':
843
      if ($captcha_type == 'Math') {
844
        $result = array();
845
        $answer = mt_rand(1, 20);
846
        $x = mt_rand(1, $answer);
847
        $y = $answer - $x;
848
        $result['solution'] = "$answer";
849
        // Build challenge widget.
850
        // Note that we also use t() for the math challenge itself. This makes
851
        // it possible to 'rephrase' the challenge a bit through localization
852
        // or string overrides.
853
        $result['form']['captcha_response'] = array(
854
          '#type' => 'textfield',
855
          '#title' => t('Math question'),
856
          '#description' => t('Solve this simple math problem and enter the result. E.g. for 1+3, enter 4.'),
857
          '#field_prefix' => t('@x + @y = ', array('@x' => $x, '@y' => $y)),
858
          '#size' => 4,
859
          '#maxlength' => 2,
860
          '#required' => TRUE,
861
        );
862
        return $result;
863
      }
864
      elseif ($captcha_type == 'Test') {
865
        // This challenge is not visible through the administrative interface
866
        // as it is not listed in captcha_captcha('list'),
867
        // but it is meant for debugging and testing purposes.
868
        // TODO for Drupal 7 version: This should be done with a mock module,
869
        // but Drupal 6 does not support this (mock modules can not be hidden).
870
        $result = array(
871
          'solution' => 'Test 123',
872
          'form' => array(),
873
        );
874
        $result['form']['captcha_response'] = array(
875
          '#type' => 'textfield',
876
          '#title' => t('Test one two three'),
877
          '#required' => TRUE,
878
        );
879
        return $result;
880
      }
881
      break;
882
  }
883
}
884
885
/**
886 ac1bc5de Assos Assos
 * Implements hook_modules_enabled().
887 85ad3d82 Assos Assos
 */
888
function captcha_modules_enabled() {
889
  // When new modules are enabled: clear the CAPTCHA placement cache, so that
890
  // new hook_captcha_placement_map hooks can be triggered.
891
  variable_del('captcha_placement_map_cache');
892
}