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root / drupal7 / sites / all / modules / views / views.api.php @ b858700c

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<?php
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/**
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 * @file
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 * Describe hooks provided by the Views module.
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 */
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/**
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 * @mainpage Views 3 API Manual
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 *
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 * Much of this information is actually stored in the advanced help; please
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 * check the API topic. This help will primarily be aimed at documenting
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 * classes and function calls.
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 *
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 * Topics:
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 * - @link views_lifetime The life of a view @endlink
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 * - @link views_hooks Views hooks @endlink
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 * - @link views_handlers About Views handlers @endlink
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 * - @link views_plugins About Views plugins @endlink
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 * - @link views_templates Views template files @endlink
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 * - @link views_module_handlers Views module handlers @endlink
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 */
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/**
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 * @defgroup views_lifetime The life of a view
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 * @{
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 * This page explains the basic cycle of a view and what processes happen.
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 *
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 * @todo.
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 * @}
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 */
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/**
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 * @defgroup views_handlers About Views handlers
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 * @{
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 * In Views, a handler is an object that is part of the view and is part of the
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 * query building flow.
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 *
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 * Handlers are objects; much of the time, the base handlers will work, but
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 * often you'll need to override the handler to achieve something meaningful.
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 * One typical handler override will be views_handler_filter_operator_in which
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 * allows you to have a filter select from a list of options; you'll need to
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 * override this to provide your list.
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 *
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 * Handlers have two distinct code flows; the UI flow and the view building
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 * flow.
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 *
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 * For the query flow:
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 * - handler->construct()
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 *   - Create the initial handler; at this time it is not yet attached to a
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 *     view. It is here that you can set basic defaults if needed, but there
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 *     will be no knowledge of the environment yet.
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 * - handler->set_definition()
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 *   - Set the data from hook_views_data() relevant to the handler.
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 * - handler->init()
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 *   - Attach the handler to a view, and usually provides the options from the
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 *     display.
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 * - handler->pre_query()
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 *   - Run prior to the query() stage to do early processing.
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 * - handler->query()
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 *   - Do the bulk of the work this handler needs to do to add itself to the
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 *     query.
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 *
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 * Fields, being the only handlers concerned with output, also have an extended
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 * piece of the flow:
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 *
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 * - handler->pre_render(&$values)
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 *   - Called prior to the actual rendering, this allows handlers to query for
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 *     extra data; the entire resultset is available here, and this is where
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 *     items that have "multiple values" per record can do their extra query for
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 *     all of the records available. There are several examples of this at work
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 *     in the code, see for example views_handler_field_user_roles.
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 * - handler->render()
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 *   - This does the actual work of rendering the field.
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 *
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 * Most handlers are just extensions of existing classes with a few tweaks that
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 * are specific to the field in question. For example,
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 * views_handler_filter_in_operator provides a simple mechanism to set a
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 * multiple-value list for setting filter values. Below,
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 * views_handler_filter_node_type overrides the list options, but inherits
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 * everything else.
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 *
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 * @code
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 * class views_handler_filter_node_type extends views_handler_filter_in_operator {
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 *   function get_value_options() {
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 *     if (!isset($this->value_options)) {
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 *       $this->value_title = t('Node type');
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 *       $types = node_get_types();
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 *       foreach ($types as $type => $info) {
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 *         $options[$type] = $info-&gt;name;
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 *       }
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 *       $this->value_options = $options;
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 *     }
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 *   }
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 * }
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 * @endcode
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 *
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 * Handlers are stored in their own files and loaded on demand. Like all other
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 * module files, they must first be registered through the module's info file.
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 * For example:
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 *
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 * @code
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 * name = Example module
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 * description = "Gives an example of a module."
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 * core = 7.x
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 * files[] = example.module
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 * files[] = example.install
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 *
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 * ; Views handlers
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 * files[] = includes/views/handlers/example_handler_argument_string.inc
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 * @endcode
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 *
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 * The best place to learn more about handlers and how they work is to explore
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 * @link views_handlers Views' handlers @endlink and use existing handlers as a
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 * guide and a model. Understanding how views_handler and its child classes work
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 * is handy but you can do a lot just following these models. You can also
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 * explore the views module directory, particularly node.views.inc.
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 *
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 * Please note that while all handler names in views are prefixed with views_,
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 * you should use your own module's name to prefix your handler names in order
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 * to ensure namespace safety. Note that the basic pattern for handler naming
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 * goes like this:
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 *
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 * [module]_handler_[type]_[tablename]_[fieldname].
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 *
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 * Sometimes table and fieldname are not appropriate, but something that
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 * resembles what the table/field would be can be used.
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 *
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 * See also:
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 * - @link views_field_handlers Views field handlers @endlink
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 * - @link views_sort_handlers Views sort handlers @endlink
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 * - @link views_filter_handlers Views filter handlers @endlink
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 * - @link views_argument_handlers Views argument handlers @endlink
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 * - @link views_relationship_handlers Views relationship handlers @endlink
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 * - @link views_area_handlers Views area handlers @endlink
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 * @}
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 */
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/**
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 * @defgroup views_plugins About Views plugins
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 *
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 * In Views, a plugin is a bit like a handler, but plugins are not directly
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 * responsible for building the query. Instead, they are objects that are used
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 * to display the view or make other modifications.
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 *
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 * There are 10 types of plugins in Views:
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 * - Display: Display plugins are responsible for controlling *where* a view
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 *   lives; that is, how they are being exposed to other parts of Drupal. Page
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 *   and block are the most common displays, as well as the ubiquitous 'master'
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 *   (or 'default') display.
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 * - Style: Style plugins control how a view is displayed. For the most part
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 *   they are object wrappers around theme templates. Styles could for example
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 *   be HTML lists or tables.
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 * - Row style: Row styles handle each individual record from the main view
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 *   table. The two included by default render the entire entity (nodes only),
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 *   or selected fields.
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 * - Argument default: Argument default plugins allow pluggable ways of
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 *   providing default values for contextual filters (previously 'arguments').
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 *   This is useful for blocks and other display types lacking a natural
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 *   argument input. Examples are plugins to extract node and user IDs from the
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 *   URL.
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 * - Argument validator: Validator plugins can ensure arguments are valid, and
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 *   even do transformations on the arguments. They can also provide replacement
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 *   patterns for the view title. For example, the 'content' validator
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 *   verifies verifies that the argument value corresponds to a node, loads
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 *   that node and provides the node title as a replacement pattern.
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 * - Access: Access plugins are responsible for controlling access to the view.
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 *   Views includes plugins for checking user roles and individual permissions.
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 * - Query: Query plugins generate and execute a query, so they can be seen as
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 *   a data backend. The default implementation is using SQL. There are
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 *   contributed modules reading data from other sources, see for example the
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 *   Views XML Backend module.
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 * - Cache: Cache plugins control the storage and loading of caches. Currently
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 *   they can do both result and render caching, but maybe one day cache the
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 *   generated query.
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 * - Pager plugins: Pager plugins take care of everything regarding pagers.
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 *   From getting and setting the total amount of items to render the pager and
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 *   setting the global pager arrays.
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 * - Exposed form plugins: Exposed form plugins are responsible for building,
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 *   rendering and controlling exposed forms. They can expose new parts of the
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 *   view to the user and more.
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 * - Localization plugins: Localization plugins take care how the view options
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 *   are translated. There are example implementations for t(), 'no
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 *   translation' and i18n.
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 * - Display extenders: Display extender plugins allow scaling of views options
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 *   horizontally. This means that you can add options and do stuff on all
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 *   views displays. One theoretical example is metatags for views.
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 *
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 * Plugins are registered by implementing hook_views_plugins() in your
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 * modulename.views.inc file and returning an array of data.
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 * For examples please look at views_views_plugins() in
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 * views/includes/plugins.inc as it has examples for all of them.
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 *
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 * Similar to handlers, make sure that you add your plugin files to the
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 * module.info file.
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 *
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 * The array defining plugins will look something like this:
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 * @code
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 * return array(
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 *   'display' => array(
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 *     // ... list of display plugins,
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 *    ),
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 *   'style' => array(
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 *     // ... list of style plugins,
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 *    ),
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 *   'row' => array(
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 *     // ... list of row style plugins,
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 *    ),
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 *   'argument default' => array(
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 *     // ... list of argument default plugins,
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 *    ),
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 *   'argument validator' => array(
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 *     // ... list of argument validator plugins,
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 *    ),
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 *    'access' => array(
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 *     // ... list of access plugins,
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 *    ),
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 *    'query' => array(
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 *      // ... list of query plugins,
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 *     ),,
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 *    'cache' => array(
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 *      // ... list of cache plugins,
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 *     ),,
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 *    'pager' => array(
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 *      // ... list of pager plugins,
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 *     ),,
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 *    'exposed_form' => array(
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 *      // ... list of exposed_form plugins,
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 *     ),,
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 *    'localization' => array(
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 *      // ... list of localization plugins,
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 *     ),
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 *    'display_extender' => array(
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 *      // ... list of display extender plugins,
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 *     ),
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 * );
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 * @endcode
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 *
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 * Each plugin will be registered with an identifier for the plugin, plus a
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 * fairly lengthy list of items that can define how and where the plugin is
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 * used. Here is an example of a row style plugin from Views core:
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 * @code
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 *     'node' => array(
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 *       'title' => t('Node'),
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 *       'help' => t('Display the node with standard node view.'),
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 *       'handler' => 'views_plugin_row_node_view',
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 *       'path' => drupal_get_path('module', 'views') . '/modules/node', // not necessary for most modules
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 *       'theme' => 'views_view_row_node',
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 *       'base' => array('node'), // only works with 'node' as base.
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 *       'uses options' => TRUE,
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 *       'type' => 'normal',
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 *     ),
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 * @endcode
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 *
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 * Of particular interest is the *path* directive, which works a little
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 * differently from handler registration; each plugin must define its own path,
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 * rather than relying on a global info for the paths. For example:
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 * @code
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 *    'feed' => array(
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 *      'title' => t('Feed'),
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 *      'help' => t('Display the view as a feed, such as an RSS feed.'),
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 *      'handler' => 'views_plugin_display_feed',
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 *      'uses hook menu' => TRUE,
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 *      'use ajax' => FALSE,
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 *      'use pager' => FALSE,
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 *      'accept attachments' => FALSE,
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 *      'admin' => t('Feed'),
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 *      'help topic' => 'display-feed',
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 *     ),
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 * @endcode
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 *
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 * Please be sure to prefix your plugin identifiers with your module name to
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 * ensure namespace safety; after all, two different modules could try to
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 * implement the 'grid2' plugin, and that would cause one plugin to completely
275
 * fail.
276
 *
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 * @todo Finish this document.
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 *
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 * See also:
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 * - @link views_display_plugins Views display plugins @endlink
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 * - @link views_style_plugins Views style plugins @endlink
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 * - @link views_row_plugins Views row plugins @endlink
283
 */
284

    
285
/**
286
 * @defgroup views_hooks Views hooks
287
 * @{
288
 * Hooks that can be implemented by other modules in order to implement the
289
 * Views API.
290
 */
291

    
292
/**
293
 * Describes data tables (or the equivalent) to Views.
294
 *
295
 * This hook should be placed in MODULENAME.views.inc and it will be
296
 * auto-loaded. MODULENAME.views.inc must be in the directory specified by the
297
 * 'path' key returned by MODULENAME_views_api(), or the same directory as the
298
 * .module file, if 'path' is unspecified.
299
 *
300
 * @return
301
 *   An associative array describing the data structure. Primary key is the
302
 *   name used internally by Views for the table(s) – usually the actual table
303
 *   name. The values for the key entries are described in detail below.
304
 */
305
function hook_views_data() {
306
  // This example describes how to write hook_views_data() for the following
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  // table:
308
  //
309
  // CREATE TABLE example_table (
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  //   nid INT(11) NOT NULL         COMMENT 'Primary key; refers to {node}.nid.',
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  //   plain_text_field VARCHAR(32) COMMENT 'Just a plain text field.',
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  //   numeric_field INT(11)        COMMENT 'Just a numeric field.',
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  //   boolean_field INT(1)         COMMENT 'Just an on/off field.',
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  //   timestamp_field INT(8)       COMMENT 'Just a timestamp field.',
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  //   PRIMARY KEY(nid)
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  // );
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  // First, the entry $data['example_table']['table'] describes properties of
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  // the actual table – not its content.
320

    
321
  // The 'group' index will be used as a prefix in the UI for any of this
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  // table's fields, sort criteria, etc. so it's easy to tell where they came
323
  // from.
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  $data['example_table']['table']['group'] = t('Example table');
325

    
326
  // Define this as a base table – a table that can be described in itself by
327
  // views (and not just being brought in as a relationship). In reality this
328
  // is not very useful for this table, as it isn't really a distinct object of
329
  // its own, but it makes a good example.
330
  $data['example_table']['table']['base'] = array(
331
    'field' => 'nid', // This is the identifier field for the view.
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    'title' => t('Example table'),
333
    'help' => t('Example table contains example content and can be related to nodes.'),
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    'weight' => -10,
335
  );
336

    
337
  // This table references the {node} table. The declaration below creates an
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  // 'implicit' relationship to the node table, so that when 'node' is the base
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  // table, the fields are automatically available.
340
  $data['example_table']['table']['join'] = array(
341
    // Index this array by the table name to which this table refers.
342
    // 'left_field' is the primary key in the referenced table.
343
    // 'field' is the foreign key in this table.
344
    'node' => array(
345
      'left_field' => 'nid',
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      'field' => 'nid',
347
    ),
348
  );
349

    
350
  // Next, describe each of the individual fields in this table to Views. This
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  // is done by describing $data['example_table']['FIELD_NAME']. This part of
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  // the array may then have further entries:
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  //   - title: The label for the table field, as presented in Views.
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  //   - help: The description text for the table field.
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  //   - relationship: A description of any relationship handler for the table
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  //     field.
357
  //   - field: A description of any field handler for the table field.
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  //   - sort: A description of any sort handler for the table field.
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  //   - filter: A description of any filter handler for the table field.
360
  //   - argument: A description of any argument handler for the table field.
361
  //   - area: A description of any handler for adding content to header,
362
  //     footer or as no result behaviour.
363
  //
364
  // The handler descriptions are described with examples below.
365

    
366
  // Node ID table field.
367
  $data['example_table']['nid'] = array(
368
    'title' => t('Example content'),
369
    'help' => t('Some example content that references a node.'),
370
    // Define a relationship to the {node} table, so example_table views can
371
    // add a relationship to nodes. If you want to define a relationship the
372
    // other direction, use hook_views_data_alter(), or use the 'implicit' join
373
    // method described above.
374
    'relationship' => array(
375
      'base' => 'node', // The name of the table to join with.
376
      'base field' => 'nid', // The name of the field on the joined table.
377
      // 'field' => 'nid' -- see hook_views_data_alter(); not needed here.
378
      'handler' => 'views_handler_relationship',
379
      'label' => t('Default label for the relationship'),
380
      'title' => t('Title shown when adding the relationship'),
381
      'help' => t('More information on this relationship'),
382
    ),
383
  );
384

    
385
  // Example plain text field.
386
  $data['example_table']['plain_text_field'] = array(
387
    'title' => t('Plain text field'),
388
    'help' => t('Just a plain text field.'),
389
    'field' => array(
390
      'handler' => 'views_handler_field',
391
      'click sortable' => TRUE, // This is use by the table display plugin.
392
    ),
393
    'sort' => array(
394
      'handler' => 'views_handler_sort',
395
    ),
396
    'filter' => array(
397
      'handler' => 'views_handler_filter_string',
398
    ),
399
    'argument' => array(
400
      'handler' => 'views_handler_argument_string',
401
    ),
402
  );
403

    
404
  // Example numeric text field.
405
  $data['example_table']['numeric_field'] = array(
406
    'title' => t('Numeric field'),
407
    'help' => t('Just a numeric field.'),
408
    'field' => array(
409
      'handler' => 'views_handler_field_numeric',
410
      'click sortable' => TRUE,
411
     ),
412
    'filter' => array(
413
      'handler' => 'views_handler_filter_numeric',
414
    ),
415
    'sort' => array(
416
      'handler' => 'views_handler_sort',
417
    ),
418
  );
419

    
420
  // Example boolean field.
421
  $data['example_table']['boolean_field'] = array(
422
    'title' => t('Boolean field'),
423
    'help' => t('Just an on/off field.'),
424
    'field' => array(
425
      'handler' => 'views_handler_field_boolean',
426
      'click sortable' => TRUE,
427
    ),
428
    'filter' => array(
429
      'handler' => 'views_handler_filter_boolean_operator',
430
      // Note that you can override the field-wide label:
431
      'label' => t('Published'),
432
      // This setting is used by the boolean filter handler, as possible option.
433
      'type' => 'yes-no',
434
      // use boolean_field = 1 instead of boolean_field <> 0 in WHERE statment.
435
      'use equal' => TRUE,
436
    ),
437
    'sort' => array(
438
      'handler' => 'views_handler_sort',
439
    ),
440
  );
441

    
442
  // Example timestamp field.
443
  $data['example_table']['timestamp_field'] = array(
444
    'title' => t('Timestamp field'),
445
    'help' => t('Just a timestamp field.'),
446
    'field' => array(
447
      'handler' => 'views_handler_field_date',
448
      'click sortable' => TRUE,
449
    ),
450
    'sort' => array(
451
      'handler' => 'views_handler_sort_date',
452
    ),
453
    'filter' => array(
454
      'handler' => 'views_handler_filter_date',
455
    ),
456
  );
457

    
458
  return $data;
459
}
460

    
461
/**
462
 * Alter table structure.
463
 *
464
 * You can add/edit/remove existing tables defined by hook_views_data().
465
 *
466
 * This hook should be placed in MODULENAME.views.inc and it will be
467
 * auto-loaded. MODULENAME.views.inc must be in the directory specified by the
468
 * 'path' key returned by MODULENAME_views_api(), or the same directory as the
469
 * .module file, if 'path' is unspecified.
470
 *
471
 * @param $data
472
 *   An array of all Views data, passed by reference. See hook_views_data() for
473
 *   structure.
474
 *
475
 * @see hook_views_data()
476
 */
477
function hook_views_data_alter(&$data) {
478
  // This example alters the title of the node:nid field in the Views UI.
479
  $data['node']['nid']['title'] = t('Node-Nid');
480

    
481
  // This example adds an example field to the users table.
482
  $data['users']['example_field'] = array(
483
    'title' => t('Example field'),
484
    'help' => t('Some example content that references a user'),
485
    'field' => array(
486
      'handler' => 'modulename_handler_field_example_field',
487
    ),
488
  );
489

    
490
  // This example changes the handler of the node title field.
491
  // In this handler you could do stuff, like preview of the node when clicking
492
  // the node title.
493
  $data['node']['title']['field']['handler'] = 'modulename_handler_field_node_title';
494

    
495
  // This example adds a relationship to table {foo}, so that 'foo' views can
496
  // add this table using a relationship. Because we don't want to write over
497
  // the primary key field definition for the {foo}.fid field, we use a dummy
498
  // field name as the key.
499
  $data['foo']['dummy_name'] = array(
500
    'title' => t('Example relationship'),
501
    'help' => t('Example help'),
502
    'relationship' => array(
503
      'base' => 'example_table', // Table we're joining to.
504
      'base field' => 'eid', // Field on the joined table.
505
      'field' => 'fid', // Real field name on the 'foo' table.
506
      'handler' => 'views_handler_relationship',
507
      'label' => t('Default label for relationship'),
508
      'title' => t('Title seen when adding relationship'),
509
      'help' => t('More information about relationship.'),
510
    ),
511
  );
512

    
513
  // Note that the $data array is not returned – it is modified by reference.
514
}
515

    
516

    
517
/**
518
 * Describes plugins defined by the module.
519
 *
520
 * This hook should be placed in MODULENAME.views.inc and it will be
521
 * auto-loaded. MODULENAME.views.inc must be in the directory specified by the
522
 * 'path' key returned by MODULENAME_views_api(), or the same directory as the
523
 * .module file, if 'path' is unspecified. All plugin files need to be
524
 * referenced in MODULENAME.info with the files[] directive.
525
 *
526
 * @return
527
 *   An array on the form $plugins['PLUGIN TYPE']['PLUGIN NAME']. The plugin
528
 *   must be one of row, display, display_extender, style, argument default,
529
 *   argument validator, access, query, cache, pager, exposed_form or
530
 *   localization. The plugin name should be prefixed with your module name.
531
 *   The value for each entry is an associateive array that may contain the
532
 *   following entries:
533
 *   - Used by all plugin types:
534
 *     - title (required): The name of the plugin, as shown in Views. Wrap in
535
 *       t().
536
 *     - handler (required): The name of the file containing the class
537
 *       describing the handler, which must also be the name of the handler's
538
 *       class.
539
 *     - path: Path to the handler. Only required if the handler is not placed
540
 *       in the same folder as the .module file or in the subfolder 'views'.
541
 *     - parent: The name of the plugin this plugin extends. Since Drupal 7 this
542
 *       is no longer required, but may still be useful from a code readability
543
 *       perspective.
544
 *     - no ui: Set to TRUE to denote that the plugin doesn't appear to be
545
 *       selectable in the ui, though on the api side they still exists.
546
 *     - uses options: Set to TRUE to denote that the plugin has an additional
547
 *       options form.
548
 *     - help: A short help text, wrapped in t() used as description on the plugin settings form.
549
 *     - help topic: The name of an entry by advanced help for the plugin.
550
 *     - theme: The name of a theme suggestion to use for the display.
551
 *     - js: An array with paths to js files that should be included for the
552
 *       display. Note that the path should be relative Drupal root, not module
553
 *       root.
554
 *     - type: Each plugin can specify a type parameter to group certain
555
 *       plugins together. For example all row plugins related to feeds are
556
 *       grouped together, because a rss style plugin only accepts feed row
557
 *       plugins.
558
 *
559
 *   - Used by display plugins:
560
 *     - admin: The administrative name of the display, as displayed on the
561
 *       Views overview and also used as default name for new displays. Wrap in
562
 *       t().
563
 *     - no remove: Set to TRUE to make the display non-removable. (Basically
564
 *       only used for the master/default display.)
565
 *     - use ajax: Set to TRUE to allow AJAX loads in the display. If it's
566
 *       disabled there will be no ajax option in the ui.
567
 *     - use pager: Set to TRUE to allow paging in the display.
568
 *     - use more: Set to TRUE to allow the 'use more' setting in the display.
569
 *     - accept attachments: Set to TRUE to allow attachment displays to be
570
 *       attached to this display type.
571
 *     - contextual links locations: An array with places where contextual links
572
 *       should be added. Can for example be 'page' or 'block'. If you don't
573
 *       specify it there will be contextual links around the rendered view. If
574
 *       this is not set or regions have been specified, views will display an
575
 *       option to 'hide contextual links'. Use an empty array if you do not want
576
 *       this.
577
 *     - uses hook menu: Set to TRUE to have the display included by
578
 *       views_menu_alter(). views_menu_alter executes then execute_hook_menu
579
 *       on the display object.
580
 *     - uses hook block: Set to TRUE to have the display included by
581
 *       views_block_info().
582
 *     - theme: The name of a theme suggestion to use for the display.
583
 *     - js: An array with paths to js files that should be included for the
584
 *       display. Note that the path should be relative Drupal root, not module
585
 *       root.
586
 *
587
 *   - Used by style plugins:
588
 *     - uses row plugin: Set to TRUE to allow row plugins for this style.
589
 *     - uses row class: Set to TRUE to allow the CSS class settings for rows.
590
 *     - uses fields: Set to TRUE to have the style plugin accept field
591
 *       handlers.
592
 *     - uses grouping: Set to TRUE to allow the grouping settings for rows.
593
 *     - even empty: May have the value 'even empty' to tell Views that the style
594
 *       should be rendered even if there are no results.
595
 *
596
 *   - Used by row plugins:
597
 *     - uses fields: Set to TRUE to have the row plugin accept field handlers.
598
 */
599
function hook_views_plugins() {
600
  $plugins = array();
601
  $plugins['argument validator'] = array(
602
    'taxonomy_term' => array(
603
      'title' => t('Taxonomy term'),
604
      'handler' => 'views_plugin_argument_validate_taxonomy_term',
605
      // Declaring path explicitly not necessary for most modules.
606
      'path' => drupal_get_path('module', 'views') . '/modules/taxonomy',
607
    ),
608
  );
609

    
610
  return array(
611
    'module' => 'views', // This just tells our themes are elsewhere.
612
    'argument validator' => array(
613
      'taxonomy_term' => array(
614
        'title' => t('Taxonomy term'),
615
        'handler' => 'views_plugin_argument_validate_taxonomy_term',
616
        'path' => drupal_get_path('module', 'views') . '/modules/taxonomy', // not necessary for most modules
617
      ),
618
    ),
619
    'argument default' => array(
620
      'taxonomy_tid' => array(
621
        'title' => t('Taxonomy term ID from URL'),
622
        'handler' => 'views_plugin_argument_default_taxonomy_tid',
623
        'path' => drupal_get_path('module', 'views') . '/modules/taxonomy',
624
        'parent' => 'fixed',
625
      ),
626
    ),
627
  );
628
}
629

    
630
/**
631
 * Alter existing plugins data, defined by modules.
632
 *
633
 * @see hook_views_plugins()
634
 */
635
function hook_views_plugins_alter(&$plugins) {
636
  // Add apachesolr to the base of the node row plugin.
637
  $plugins['row']['node']['base'][] = 'apachesolr';
638
}
639

    
640
/**
641
 * Register View API information.
642
 *
643
 * This is required for your module to have its include files loaded; for
644
 * example, when implementing hook_views_default_views().
645
 *
646
 * @return
647
 *   An array with the following possible keys:
648
 *   - api: (required) The version of the Views API the module implements.
649
 *   - path: (optional) If includes are stored somewhere other than within the
650
 *     root module directory, specify its path here.
651
 *   - template path: (optional) A path where the module has stored it's views
652
 *     template files. When you have specificed this key views automatically
653
 *     uses the template files for the views. You can use the same naming
654
 *     conventions like for normal views template files.
655
 */
656
function hook_views_api() {
657
  return array(
658
    'api' => 3,
659
    'path' => drupal_get_path('module', 'example') . '/includes/views',
660
    'template path' => drupal_get_path('module', 'example') . '/themes',
661
  );
662
}
663

    
664
/**
665
 * This hook allows modules to provide their own views which can either be used
666
 * as-is or as a "starter" for users to build from.
667
 *
668
 * This hook should be placed in MODULENAME.views_default.inc and it will be
669
 * auto-loaded. MODULENAME.views_default.inc must be in the directory specified
670
 * by the 'path' key returned by MODULENAME_views_api(), or the same directory
671
 * as the .module file, if 'path' is unspecified.
672
 *
673
 * The $view->disabled boolean flag indicates whether the View should be
674
 * enabled (FALSE) or disabled (TRUE) by default.
675
 *
676
 * @return
677
 *   An associative array containing the structures of views, as generated from
678
 *   the Export tab, keyed by the view name. A best practice is to go through
679
 *   and add t() to all title and label strings, with the exception of menu
680
 *   strings.
681
 */
682
function hook_views_default_views() {
683
  // Begin copy and paste of output from the Export tab of a view.
684
  $view = new view;
685
  $view->name = 'frontpage';
686
  $view->description = 'Emulates the default Drupal front page; you may set the default home page path to this view to make it your front page.';
687
  $view->tag = 'default';
688
  $view->base_table = 'node';
689
  $view->human_name = 'Front page';
690
  $view->core = 0;
691
  $view->api_version = '3.0';
692
  $view->disabled = FALSE; /* Edit this to true to make a default view disabled initially */
693

    
694
  /* Display: Master */
695
  $handler = $view->new_display('default', 'Master', 'default');
696
  $handler->display->display_options['access']['type'] = 'none';
697
  $handler->display->display_options['cache']['type'] = 'none';
698
  $handler->display->display_options['query']['type'] = 'views_query';
699
  $handler->display->display_options['query']['options']['query_comment'] = FALSE;
700
  $handler->display->display_options['exposed_form']['type'] = 'basic';
701
  $handler->display->display_options['pager']['type'] = 'full';
702
  $handler->display->display_options['style_plugin'] = 'default';
703
  $handler->display->display_options['row_plugin'] = 'node';
704
  /* Sort criterion: Content: Sticky */
705
  $handler->display->display_options['sorts']['sticky']['id'] = 'sticky';
706
  $handler->display->display_options['sorts']['sticky']['table'] = 'node';
707
  $handler->display->display_options['sorts']['sticky']['field'] = 'sticky';
708
  $handler->display->display_options['sorts']['sticky']['order'] = 'DESC';
709
  /* Sort criterion: Content: Post date */
710
  $handler->display->display_options['sorts']['created']['id'] = 'created';
711
  $handler->display->display_options['sorts']['created']['table'] = 'node';
712
  $handler->display->display_options['sorts']['created']['field'] = 'created';
713
  $handler->display->display_options['sorts']['created']['order'] = 'DESC';
714
  /* Filter criterion: Content: Promoted to front page */
715
  $handler->display->display_options['filters']['promote']['id'] = 'promote';
716
  $handler->display->display_options['filters']['promote']['table'] = 'node';
717
  $handler->display->display_options['filters']['promote']['field'] = 'promote';
718
  $handler->display->display_options['filters']['promote']['value'] = '1';
719
  $handler->display->display_options['filters']['promote']['group'] = 0;
720
  $handler->display->display_options['filters']['promote']['expose']['operator'] = FALSE;
721
  /* Filter criterion: Content: Published */
722
  $handler->display->display_options['filters']['status']['id'] = 'status';
723
  $handler->display->display_options['filters']['status']['table'] = 'node';
724
  $handler->display->display_options['filters']['status']['field'] = 'status';
725
  $handler->display->display_options['filters']['status']['value'] = '1';
726
  $handler->display->display_options['filters']['status']['group'] = 0;
727
  $handler->display->display_options['filters']['status']['expose']['operator'] = FALSE;
728

    
729
  /* Display: Page */
730
  $handler = $view->new_display('page', 'Page', 'page');
731
  $handler->display->display_options['path'] = 'frontpage';
732

    
733
  /* Display: Feed */
734
  $handler = $view->new_display('feed', 'Feed', 'feed');
735
  $handler->display->display_options['defaults']['title'] = FALSE;
736
  $handler->display->display_options['title'] = 'Front page feed';
737
  $handler->display->display_options['pager']['type'] = 'some';
738
  $handler->display->display_options['style_plugin'] = 'rss';
739
  $handler->display->display_options['row_plugin'] = 'node_rss';
740
  $handler->display->display_options['path'] = 'rss.xml';
741
  $handler->display->display_options['displays'] = array(
742
    'default' => 'default',
743
    'page' => 'page',
744
  );
745
  $handler->display->display_options['sitename_title'] = '1';
746

    
747
  // (Export ends here.)
748

    
749
  // Add view to list of views to provide.
750
  $views[$view->name] = $view;
751

    
752
  // ...Repeat all of the above for each view the module should provide.
753

    
754
  // At the end, return array of default views.
755
  return $views;
756
}
757

    
758
/**
759
 * Alter default views defined by other modules.
760
 *
761
 * This hook is called right before all default views are cached to the
762
 * database. It takes a keyed array of views by reference.
763
 *
764
 * Example usage to add a field to a view:
765
 * @code
766
 *   $handler =& $view->display['DISPLAY_ID']->handler;
767
 *   // Add the user name field to the view.
768
 *   $handler->display->display_options['fields']['name']['id'] = 'name';
769
 *   $handler->display->display_options['fields']['name']['table'] = 'users';
770
 *   $handler->display->display_options['fields']['name']['field'] = 'name';
771
 *   $handler->display->display_options['fields']['name']['label'] = 'Author';
772
 *   $handler->display->display_options['fields']['name']['link_to_user'] = 1;
773
 * @endcode
774
 */
775
function hook_views_default_views_alter(&$views) {
776
  if (isset($views['taxonomy_term'])) {
777
    $views['taxonomy_term']->display['default']->display_options['title'] = 'Categories';
778
  }
779
}
780

    
781
/**
782
 * Performs replacements in the query before being performed.
783
 *
784
 * @param $view
785
 *   The View being executed.
786
 * @return
787
 *   An array with keys being the strings to replace, and the values the strings
788
 *   to replace them with. The strings to replace are ofted surrounded with
789
 *   '***', as illustrated in the example implementation.
790
 */
791
function hook_views_query_substitutions($view) {
792
  // Example from views_views_query_substitutions().
793
  global $language_content;
794
  return array(
795
    '***CURRENT_VERSION***' => VERSION,
796
    '***CURRENT_TIME***' => REQUEST_TIME,
797
    '***CURRENT_LANGUAGE***' => $language_content->language,
798
    '***DEFAULT_LANGUAGE***' => language_default('language'),
799
  );
800
}
801

    
802
/**
803
 * This hook is called to get a list of placeholders and their substitutions,
804
 * used when preprocessing a View with form elements.
805
 *
806
 * @return
807
 *   An array with keys being the strings to replace, and the values the strings
808
 *   to replace them with.
809
 */
810
function hook_views_form_substitutions() {
811
  return array(
812
    '<!--views-form-example-substitutions-->' => 'Example Substitution',
813
  );
814
}
815

    
816
/**
817
 * Allows altering a view at the very beginning of views processing, before
818
 * anything is done.
819
 *
820
 * Adding output to the view can be accomplished by placing text on
821
 * $view->attachment_before and $view->attachment_after.
822
 * @param $view
823
 *   The view object about to be processed.
824
 * @param $display_id
825
 *   The machine name of the active display.
826
 * @param $args
827
 *   An array of arguments passed into the view.
828
 */
829
function hook_views_pre_view(&$view, &$display_id, &$args) {
830
  // Change the display if the acting user has 'administer site configuration'
831
  // permission, to display something radically different.
832
  // (Note that this is not necessarily the best way to solve that task. Feel
833
  // free to contribute another example!)
834
  if (
835
    $view->name == 'my_special_view' &&
836
    user_access('administer site configuration') &&
837
    $display_id == 'public_display'
838
  ) {
839
    $display_id = 'private_display';
840
  }
841
}
842

    
843
/**
844
 * This hook is called right before the build process, but after displays
845
 * are attached and the display performs its pre_execute phase.
846
 *
847
 * Adding output to the view can be accomplished by placing text on
848
 * $view->attachment_before and $view->attachment_after.
849
 * @param $view
850
 *   The view object about to be processed.
851
 */
852
function hook_views_pre_build(&$view) {
853
  // Because of some unexplicable business logic, we should remove all
854
  // attachments from all views on Mondays.
855
  // (This alter could be done later in the execution process as well.)
856
  if (date('D') == 'Mon') {
857
    unset($view->attachment_before);
858
    unset($view->attachment_after);
859
  }
860
}
861

    
862
/**
863
 * This hook is called right after the build process. The query is now fully
864
 * built, but it has not yet been run through db_rewrite_sql.
865
 *
866
 * Adding output to the view can be accomplished by placing text on
867
 * $view->attachment_before and $view->attachment_after.
868
 * @param $view
869
 *   The view object about to be processed.
870
 */
871
function hook_views_post_build(&$view) {
872
  // If the exposed field 'type' is set, hide the column containing the content
873
  // type. (Note that this is a solution for a particular view, and makes
874
  // assumptions about both exposed filter settings and the fields in the view.
875
  // Also note that this alter could be done at any point before the view being
876
  // rendered.)
877
  if ($view->name == 'my_view' && isset($view->exposed_raw_input['type']) && $view->exposed_raw_input['type'] != 'All') {
878
    // 'Type' should be interpreted as content type.
879
    if (isset($view->field['type'])) {
880
      $view->field['type']->options['exclude'] = TRUE;
881
    }
882
  }
883
}
884

    
885
/**
886
 * This hook is called right before the execute process. The query is now fully
887
 * built, but it has not yet been run through db_rewrite_sql.
888
 *
889
 * Adding output to the view can be accomplished by placing text on
890
 * $view->attachment_before and $view->attachment_after.
891
 * @param $view
892
 *   The view object about to be processed.
893
 */
894
function hook_views_pre_execute(&$view) {
895
  // Whenever a view queries more than two tables, show a message that notifies
896
  // view administrators that the query might be heavy.
897
  // (This action could be performed later in the execution process, but not
898
  // earlier.)
899
  if (count($view->query->tables) > 2 && user_access('administer views')) {
900
    drupal_set_message(t('The view %view may be heavy to execute.', array('%view' => $view->name)), 'warning');
901
  }
902
}
903

    
904
/**
905
 * This hook is called right after the execute process. The query has
906
 * been executed, but the pre_render() phase has not yet happened for
907
 * handlers.
908
 *
909
 * Adding output to the view can be accomplished by placing text on
910
 * $view->attachment_before and $view->attachment_after. Altering the
911
 * content can be achieved by editing the items of $view->result.
912
 * @param $view
913
 *   The view object about to be processed.
914
 */
915
function hook_views_post_execute(&$view) {
916
  // If there are more than 100 results, show a message that encourages the user
917
  // to change the filter settings.
918
  // (This action could be performed later in the execution process, but not
919
  // earlier.)
920
  if ($view->total_rows > 100) {
921
    drupal_set_message(t('You have more than 100 hits. Use the filter settings to narrow down your list.'));
922
  }
923
}
924

    
925
/**
926
 * This hook is called right before the render process. The query has been
927
 * executed, and the pre_render() phase has already happened for handlers, so
928
 * all data should be available.
929
 *
930
 * Adding output to the view can be accomplished by placing text on
931
 * $view->attachment_before and $view->attachment_after. Altering the content
932
 * can be achieved by editing the items of $view->result.
933
 *
934
 * This hook can be utilized by themes.
935
 * @param $view
936
 *   The view object about to be processed.
937
 */
938
function hook_views_pre_render(&$view) {
939
  // Scramble the order of the rows shown on this result page.
940
  // Note that this could be done earlier, but not later in the view execution
941
  // process.
942
  shuffle($view->result);
943
}
944

    
945
/**
946
 * Post process any rendered data.
947
 *
948
 * This can be valuable to be able to cache a view and still have some level of
949
 * dynamic output. In an ideal world, the actual output will include HTML
950
 * comment based tokens, and then the post process can replace those tokens.
951
 *
952
 * Example usage. If it is known that the view is a node view and that the
953
 * primary field will be a nid, you can do something like this:
954
 *
955
 * <!--post-FIELD-NID-->
956
 *
957
 * And then in the post render, create an array with the text that should
958
 * go there:
959
 *
960
 * strtr($output, array('<!--post-FIELD-1-->' => 'output for FIELD of nid 1');
961
 *
962
 * All of the cached result data will be available in $view->result, as well,
963
 * so all ids used in the query should be discoverable.
964
 *
965
 * This hook can be utilized by themes.
966
 * @param $view
967
 *   The view object about to be processed.
968
 * @param $output
969
 *   A flat string with the rendered output of the view.
970
 * @param $cache
971
 *   The cache settings.
972
 */
973
function hook_views_post_render(&$view, &$output, &$cache) {
974
  // When using full pager, disable any time-based caching if there are less
975
  // then 10 results.
976
  if ($view->query->pager instanceof views_plugin_pager_full && $cache->options['type'] == 'time' && count($view->result) < 10) {
977
    $cache['options']['results_lifespan'] = 0;
978
    $cache['options']['output_lifespan'] = 0;
979
  }
980
}
981

    
982
/**
983
 * Alter the query before executing the query.
984
 *
985
 * This hook should be placed in MODULENAME.views.inc and it will be
986
 * auto-loaded. MODULENAME.views.inc must be in the directory specified by the
987
 * 'path' key returned by MODULENAME_views_api(), or the same directory as the
988
 * .module file, if 'path' is unspecified.
989
 *
990
 * @param $view
991
 *   The view object about to be processed.
992
 * @param $query
993
 *   An object describing the query.
994
 * @see hook_views_query_substitutions()
995
 */
996
function hook_views_query_alter(&$view, &$query) {
997
  // (Example assuming a view with an exposed filter on node title.)
998
  // If the input for the title filter is a positive integer, filter against
999
  // node ID instead of node title.
1000
  if ($view->name == 'my_view' && is_numeric($view->exposed_raw_input['title']) && $view->exposed_raw_input['title'] > 0) {
1001
    // Traverse through the 'where' part of the query.
1002
    foreach ($query->where as &$condition_group) {
1003
      foreach ($condition_group['conditions'] as &$condition) {
1004
        // If this is the part of the query filtering on title, chang the
1005
        // condition to filter on node ID.
1006
        if ($condition['field'] == 'node.title') {
1007
          $condition = array(
1008
            'field' => 'node.nid',
1009
            'value' => $view->exposed_raw_input['title'],
1010
            'operator' => '=',
1011
          );
1012
        }
1013
      }
1014
    }
1015
  }
1016
}
1017

    
1018
/**
1019
 * Alter the information box that (optionally) appears with a view preview,
1020
 * including query and performance statistics.
1021
 *
1022
 * This hook should be placed in MODULENAME.views.inc and it will be
1023
 * auto-loaded. MODULENAME.views.inc must be in the directory specified by the
1024
 * 'path' key returned by MODULENAME_views_api(), or the same directory as the
1025
 * .module file, if 'path' is unspecified.
1026
 *
1027
 * Warning: $view is not a reference in PHP4 and cannot be modified here. But it
1028
 * IS a reference in PHP5, and can be modified. Please be careful with it.
1029
 *
1030
 * @param $rows
1031
 *   An associative array with two keys:
1032
 *   - query: An array of rows suitable for theme('table'), containing
1033
 *     information about the query and the display title and path.
1034
 *   - statistics: An array of rows suitable for theme('table'), containing
1035
 *     performance statistics.
1036
 * @param $view
1037
 *   The view object.
1038
 * @see theme_table()
1039
 */
1040
function hook_views_preview_info_alter(&$rows, $view) {
1041
  // Adds information about the tables being queried by the view to the query
1042
  // part of the info box.
1043
  $rows['query'][] = array(
1044
    t('<strong>Table queue</strong>'),
1045
    count($view->query->table_queue) . ': (' . implode(', ', array_keys($view->query->table_queue)) . ')',
1046
  );
1047
}
1048

    
1049
/**
1050
 * This hooks allows to alter the links at the top of the view edit form. Some
1051
 * modules might want to add links there.
1052
 *
1053
 * @param $links
1054
 *   An array of links which will be displayed at the top of the view edit form.
1055
 *   Each entry should be on a form suitable for theme('link').
1056
 * @param view $view
1057
 *   The full view object which is currently edited.
1058
 * @param $display_id
1059
 *   The current display id which is edited. For example that's 'default' or
1060
 *   'page_1'.
1061
 */
1062
function hook_views_ui_display_top_links_alter(&$links, $view, $display_id) {
1063
  // Put the export link first in the list.
1064
  if (isset($links['export'])) {
1065
    $links = array('export' => $links['export']) + $links;
1066
  }
1067
}
1068

    
1069
/**
1070
 * This hook allows to alter the commands which are used on a views ajax
1071
 * request.
1072
 *
1073
 * @param $commands
1074
 *   An array of ajax commands
1075
 * @param $view view
1076
 *   The view which is requested.
1077
 */
1078
function hook_views_ajax_data_alter(&$commands, $view) {
1079
  // Replace Views' method for scrolling to the top of the element with your
1080
  // custom scrolling method.
1081
  foreach ($commands as &$command) {
1082
    if ($command['method'] == 'viewsScrollTop') {
1083
      $command['method'] .= 'myScrollTop';
1084
    }
1085
  }
1086
}
1087

    
1088
/**
1089
 * Allow modules to respond to the Views cache being invalidated.
1090
 *
1091
 * This hook should fire whenever a view is enabled, disabled, created,
1092
 * updated, or deleted.
1093
 *
1094
 * @see views_invalidate_cache()
1095
 */
1096
function hook_views_invalidate_cache() {
1097
  cache_clear_all('views:*', 'cache_mymodule', TRUE);
1098
}
1099

    
1100
/**
1101
 * @}
1102
 */
1103

    
1104
/**
1105
 * @defgroup views_module_handlers Views module handlers
1106
 * @{
1107
 * Handlers exposed by various modules to Views.
1108
 * @}
1109
 */